• Brackish estuaries, mangrove creeks, tidal river reaches, coastal lagoons, and inland freshwater rivers
• Habitat destruction, alteration, and conversion
• Collection of adults and eggs for consumption
• Incidental capture in fishing gear
• Sand mining and hydropower dams
• Decreasing
• Estimated population reduction greater than 90%
• Extirpated or likely extirpated from Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam
• Populations highly fragmented
